The Role of Modern Methods of Construction in Advancing Sustainability in Construction
As we look to the future and the need to reduce carbon emissions, improve waste generation figures and be greener, the construction sector, despite its successes in some areas, often feels like an oil tanker trying to make a sharp three-point turn, still stuck in outdated ways.
Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) have been around for some time and could play a major role in improving what we do. The industry’s goals are clear: improve efficiency, reduce costs and promote sustainability. A popular form of MMC is off-site manufacturing, where elements like prefabricated units are constructed off-site and then delivered to the construction site. This approach includes modular construction and panelised units, such as precast concrete panels and timber SIP units. MMC offers advantages such as faster construction times, better project predictability and improved quality, which align with the UK government’s emphasis on MMC.
By reducing embodied carbon – the carbon emissions from the manufacturing of materials and building processes – MMC reduces transportation, energy use and waste. Historic data shows the potential of MMC to cut embodied carbon through fewer deliveries, reduced on-site build time and increased use of technology such as 3D printing, which can enhance product longevity and performance monitoring.
Architects, designers and developers will need to assess each project individually and weigh up its potential benefits and limitations. While MMC offers carbon savings, time efficiency and improved quality, it also has practical drawbacks, such as limited design flexibility, challenges with constrained sites and financial considerations.
Current research indicates that modular construction, in particular, holds great promise for reducing embodied carbon. However, it’s clear that not all MMC methods are equally effective in achieving carbon reductions. Ongoing research into MMC sustainability suggests that advancements in technology and better manufacturing practices will continue to improve its environmental performance. So, while early adoption may not yield immediate large benefits, sticking with it will lead to continuous improvements in processes and systems, reaping rewards in future projects.
To summarise, MMC is unlikely to replace traditional construction entirely. However, a hybrid approach that combines MMC and traditional methods can currently deliver the best results. MMC helps reduce on-site labour, save time and lower carbon emissions but traditional construction may still be necessary for projects that require flexibility and adaptability, especially in the UK’s changing climate.
In terms of sustainability, MMC helps reduce waste, carbon emissions and energy expenditure. The use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) enhances the accuracy of designs, leading to more precise material orders and reducing waste. Studies show that the potential carbon savings from MMC can be significant, with reductions in embodied carbon of up to 54%. Moreover, off-site manufacturing reduces on-site time, minimising the use of fossil fuels for transportation and machinery. Manufacturers that prioritise sustainability can also help control a project’s overall carbon footprint.
With the Future Homes Standard coming into effect in 2025, MMC’s ability to meet energy efficiency standards will be crucial. BIM will support the design process, ensuring that projects meet the required standards. MMC’s integration with sustainable design principles positions it as a promising solution for future construction projects aiming to meet environmental and energy efficiency goals.